Jantar Mantar: A Guide to Delhi’s Ancient Astronomical Hub

Posted on Tuesday, June 25th, 2024 by Sidakbir Singh

Jantar Mantar, founded by Maharaja Jai Singh II in 18th-century Delhi, is an observatory known for its impressive astronomical tools. A UNESCO World Heritage site, it showcases ancient Indian astronomy through structures like the Samrat Yantra and Jai Prakash Yantra. It’s a must-visit for history enthusiasts and those interested in exploring the scientific heritage of India.

Jantar Mantar History

Jantar Mantar, meaning instrument for calculation, refers to a series of astronomy jantar mantar was built by Maharaja Jai Singh II of Jaipur during the 18th century. These observatories were built in various cities across India, including Delhi, Jaipur, Ujjain, Mathura, and Varanasi. The primary purpose of Jantar Mantar was to measure time, predict eclipses, track celestial bodies like the sun and stars, and assist in astronomy-related calculations. Each Jantar Mantar site features unique architectural instruments designed with precision to observe and interpret astronomical phenomena, reflecting India’s advancements in scientific knowledge during that era.

How to Reach Jantar Mantar

• By Bus: Take a bus to Connaught Place and walk to Jantar Mantar.
• By Flight: Fly to Indira Gandhi International Airport, then take a taxi or shuttle to Jantar Mantar.
• By Train: Arrive at New Delhi or Old Delhi Railway Station, then take a taxi or Delhi Metro to Jantar Mantar (nearest metro: Patel Chowk).

Structures inside the Jantar Mantar Complex

Jantar Mantar Complex

The Jantar Mantar complexes, particularly in Jaipur, are collections of large astronomical instruments built in the 18th century by Maharaja Jai Singh II of Jaipur. These instruments were designed for precise observations of celestial phenomena. The structures are famous for their architectural ingenuity and scientific precision.

Key Structures

1. Samrat Yantra (Supreme Instrument)
   • Description: Massive sundial with a triangular gnomon.
   • Purpose: Measures time with 2-second accuracy, determines declination, and meridian passage.
2. Jaiprakash Yantra
   • Description: Two concave hemispherical structures.
   • Purpose: Determines positions of celestial bodies.
3. Rama Yantra
   • Description: Cylindrical structures with open centers.
   • Purpose: Measures altitude and azimuth of celestial objects.
4. Misra Yantra
   • Description: Combination of five different instruments.
   • Purpose: Determines shortest and longest days, exact noon in various cities.
5. Chakra Yantra
   • Description: Circular instrument divided into 360 degrees.
   • Purpose: Measures coordinates of celestial objects.
6. Disha Yantra
   • Description: Simple directional instrument.
   • Purpose: Determines cardinal directions.
7. Dakshin Bhitti Yantra
   • Description: Wall instrument.
   • Purpose: Observe the meridian transit of stars and planets.
8. Rashivalaya Yantra
   • Description: Set of twelve instruments for each zodiac sign.
   • Purpose: Measures celestial latitude and longitude.

These instruments illustrate the advanced state of astronomical knowledge and the creative spirit of Jai Singh II, serving as significant contributions to observational astronomy.

Who was Jai Singh II of Jaipur, and what role did he play in the construction of the observatory?

Jai Singh II of Jaipur was a Rajput ruler born in 1688 who reigned from 1699 to 1743. He was a significant figure in the fields of astronomy and architecture. He built five astronomical observatories, known as Jantar Mantar, located in Delhi, Jaipur, Ujjain, Mathura, and Varanasi. The most famous of these is in Jaipur.

Key Points:

• Objective: To improve the accuracy of astronomical observations.
• Instruments: The observatories feature large masonry instruments, such as the Samrat Yantra (a giant sundial) and Jai Prakash (a hemispherical sundial).
• Impact: These observatories advanced scientific knowledge, attracted scholars, and combined functionality with architectural beauty.
• Legacy: The Jantar Mantar in Jaipur is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, showcasing Jai Singh II’s contributions to science and culture.

Jai Singh II’s work in constructing these observatories made significant contributions to the field of astronomy and remains a notable part of India’s scientific heritage.

Nearby Attractions in the Jantar Mantar  

• India Gate: A 42-meter-high India Gate, The war memorial honoring soldiers of the British Indian Army from World War I, is located 2.5 km away.
• Rashtrapati Bhavan: The official residence of the President of India, known for its grand architecture, Rashtrapati Bhavan is just situated 3.5 km.
• National Museum:  Located 2 km away, the National Museum houses a vast collection of artifacts and exhibits from India’s history.
• Connaught Place: A major commercial and financial hub Connaught Place in New Delhi, known for its colonial architecture and vibrant markets, 1 km away.
• Agrasen ki Baoli: A historic stepwell Agrasen ki Baoli intricates architecture, offering a glimpse into ancient water conservation methods, 2.5 km away.
• Gurudwara Bangla Sahib: The prominent Sikh Gurudwara Bangla Sahib with a serene pond and beautiful architecture is just 2.5 km away.
• Parliament House: The circular building houses the Parliament of India, known as Parliament House It is famous for its architectural grandeur, situated 3 km away.
• National Gallery of Modern Art: An art gallery showcasing modern and contemporary Indian art, the National Gallery of Modern Art is just located at 2.5 km away.
• Gandhi Smriti: A memorial dedicated to Mahatma Gandhi, Gandhi Smriti is marking the place where he was assassinated, located 5 km away.
• Humayun’s Tomb: The UNESCO World Heritage site and the tomb of Mughal Emperor Humayun, Humayun’s Tomb is noted for its Persian-inspired architecture and is situated 8 km away.

Jantar Mantar timings

Jantar Mantar in Delhi is open daily from 6:00 AM to 6:00 PM.

Best Time to Visit

• Early Morning or Late Afternoon: To avoid the midday heat.
• Winter (October to March): Pleasant weather.
• Summer (April to June): Visit early morning or late afternoon.
• Monsoon (July to September): Check weather forecasts due to occasional rain.

Additional Tips

• Tickets: Available at the entrance, cash or digital payments are accepted.
• Guided Tours: Consider a guide or audio guide.
• Photography: Allowed, be mindful of preservation.
• Facilities: Restrooms are available near the entrance.

Note: Open on public holidays, but it may be crowded.

Visitor Guidelines and Pro Tips

• Respect the historical significance and fragile nature of the instruments.
• Follow designated pathways and refrain from climbing on the structures.
• Engage with informative guides or audio tours available on-site.
• Plan your visit early morning or late afternoon for pleasant weather.
• Carry water and wear comfortable footwear for exploring the expansive site.
• Photography is permitted; however, respect guidelines on flash usage.
• Check for any special events or closures before planning your visit.
• Learn about the instruments’ history and astronomical significance for a richer experience.

Other Activities To Do in Delhi 

Tourism in Delhi offers a variety of experiences beyond its historical landmarks. Explore vibrant markets such as Sarojini Nagar and Dilli Haat for handicrafts and local goods. Enjoy a peaceful boat ride at India Gate or indulge in art and history at the National Museum. Experience Delhi’s dynamic nightlife in popular hubs like Connaught Place and Hauz Khas Village, known for their eclectic mix of restaurants, bars, and live music venues. 

1. Connaught Place
2. India Gate
3. Akshardham Swaminarayan Temple
4. Jahanpanah
5. Places To Visit In Delhi
6. Purana Qila
7. Red Fort
8. Kalka Mandir
9. Gurudwara Bangla Sahib
10. Jama Masjid
11. Lotus Temple
12. Jantar Mantar
13. Qutub Minar
14. Sarojini Nagar Market

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Frequently Asked Questions

Q: What is Jantar Mantar and why it is famous?

A: Jantar Mantar is an 18th-century astronomical observatory built by Maharaja Jai Singh II. It is famous for its large, precise instruments made of masonry and stone, used to observe celestial phenomena, measure time, and predict eclipses.

Q: What is the Jantar Mantar Delhi ticket price?

A: The ticket prices for Jantar Mantar in Delhi are ₹25 for Indian citizens and ₹300 for foreign nationals, with free entry for children up to 15 years. Check official sources for the latest updates.

Q: Where is Jantar Mantar located?

A: The Jantar Mantar is located in five cities in India: Delhi, Jaipur, Ujjain, Mathura, and Varanasi. The most famous one is in Jaipur.

Q: How to reach Jantar Mantar by metro ?

A: To reach Jantar Mantar by metro:
Yellow Line: Get off at Patel Chowk station, then walk 10-15 minutes southwest on Sansad Marg.
Blue Line: Get off at Rajiv Chowk station, then walk 15-20 minutes southwest on Sansad Marg.

Q: Is jantar mantar a world heritage site?

A: Yes, the Jantar Mantar in Jaipur is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

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